Abstract
Introduction and Aim:Obesity and metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).The acute myocardial infarction may be associated with autonomic dysfunction and it may have a bearing on the prognosis. The objective of the study wasto examine the effect of deep breathing test on heart rate variability in obese and non-obese patients with myocardial infarction (MI).
 
 Materials and Methods:The patients with acute myocardial infarction were confirmed by universal definition and treatment was administered. At 12 weeks of follow up, the MI patients were screened and divided into two groups. 30 patients of MI with BMI 25 to 30 kg/m2 formed the obese group.30 patients of MI with BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 formed the non-obese group. The baseline ECG was taken for 5 minutes by using Niviqure B3 machine for HRV analysis. Then, deep breathing test (DBT) was performed in a standardized manner.
 
 Results:The two groupswere well matched for the age (53.7±11.5 vs.55.2±9.2years).In the baseline there was a statistically significant decrease in the total power (TP) of the heart i.e., HF plus LF (2178±762ms2 vs2991±771ms2 with a ‘p’ value 0.001) in the obese group when compared to non-obese group. On DBT there was a significant decrease in heart rate (81bpm to 65bpm) in non-obese group. However, in obese group there was no significant decrease in heart rate (79bpm to 72bpm) on DBT.
 
 Conclusion: Accordingly, we concludethat in obese patients with MI there is a reduction in respiratory vagal modulation of heart rate during DBT.
Highlights
Introduction and AimObesity and metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
There was a negative correlation (0.16) between BMI and Total power of heart rate variability (HRV) as shown in the above graph 1.On deep breathing test (DBT) there was a significant decrease in heart rate in non-obese group
In obese group there was no significant decrease in heart rate on DBT
Summary
Obesity and metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Obesity and metabolic syndrome increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as ischemic heart disease (IHD). The underlying mechanisms may be many and cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is considered as one among them. The ANS activity and imbalance between its two main components (parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous control) are important factors contributing to the initiation and progression of many CVD’s such as coronary artery disease, ventricular arrhythmia, arterial hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathy related to obesity [1]. To assess cardiovascular autonomic nervous system changes in obesity, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is performed. In the HRV, high frequency (HF) spectral power corresponds to the magnitude of respiratory related heart rate oscillations i.e. respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Several studies have demonstrated that there is lower parasympathetic activity (lower HF HRV power) in obesity [1,2,3,4,5]
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