Abstract
Range of motion (ROM) is a measure often reported as an indicator of joint functionality. Both the angle of extension and that of flexion were measured in 234 stifle joints of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between CCL rupture and alterations in the range of stifle joint motion and to determine whether there was a prevalence modification of one of the two angles. All the extension and flexion angles were obtained from clinical records and were analysed in various combinations. A significant relationship was found between normal angles and abnormal angles; concerning the reduction in the ROM, a significant prevalence in the alteration extension angle was found. Of the 234 stifles, 33 (13.7%) were normal in both angles. These results could offer important insights regarding the influence of CCL rupture on compromising the ROM. This awareness could be a baseline for understanding the ability of surgical treatment to restore one angle rather than another angle, to address the choice of treatment and to help physiotherapists in their rehabilitation program.
Highlights
Range of motion (ROM) is the ability of a joint to move between positions to its maximum potential in relation to the three anatomic planes, the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes
Both the angle of extension and that of flexion were measured in 234 stifle joints of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture
Based on the median values published by Jaegger [2], such as extension angle = 162◦ and flexion angle = 41◦, which referred to the stifle joints of healthy dogs, the authors of the BHSII [44] created the following scale of values
Summary
Range of motion (ROM) is the ability of a joint to move between positions to its maximum potential in relation to the three anatomic planes, the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. Concerning the stifle joint, it is the movement in the sagittal plane, defined as either flexion or extension, which is usually studied [1]. Goniometry has been validated in humans [3,4,5,6], and several methods of measurements have been documented and compared [7,8,9]. Goniometry has been studied in different species, such as cats [10], horses [11,12,13] and sheep [14]. The reliability of goniometry in dogs was documented by Jaegger in 2002, comparing the measurements made with radiography with the measurements made by a transparent plastic goniometer in 16 healthy Labrador Retrievers [2]
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