Abstract
As studies by Russian and foreign scientists show, the breed and the cows genotype affects on their productivity and milk quality. In connection with this, the purpose of this research was to study the milk productivity and milk quality of the Tatarstan type Kholmogory cows with different complex genotypes on the milk protein genes, namely, alpha S1-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin. The genotypes on the milk protein genes were determined by DNA analysis methods. Determination of quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk was carried out by control milking and on a milk analyzer «LAKTAN1–4». Better raw milk, that is, with the greatest amount of nutrients, such as milk fat and protein, was milk from cows with complex genotypes of milk proteins ВВ/АВ/АВ/АВ/АА, ВВ/АВ/АВ/АВ/АВ, ВВ/АВ/АВ/АВ/ВВ. In practical terms, it is possible to get more quality dairy products from such raw materials.
Highlights
In connection with the growing demand of the market for a quality of milk and dairy products, in particular for a fat con tent, composition and content o f milk protein, there is a need for dairy herd selection with the help of genetic markers associated with qualitative signs of dairy productivity [1]
The kappa-casein gene CSN3 is responsible for a milk protein content and technologi cal properties of milk
Establishment of genotypes of cows according to the casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3) and whey proteins (BLG, LALBA) of milk was performed by DNA analysis methods, namely PCRRFLP [19,20,21] and AC-PCR [22,23,24]
Summary
In connection with the growing demand of the market for a quality of milk and dairy products, in particular for a fat con tent, composition and content o f milk protein, there is a need for dairy herd selection with the help of genetic markers associated with qualitative signs of dairy productivity [1].Alleles o f milk protein genes are considered as potential DNA markers of milk productivity and milk quality in cattle. Al lele B of alpha S l-casein gene CSN1S1 influences on the increase of milk yield, whereas other allele C is associated with the in crease o f protein content in milk [2]. Allele B of beta-casein gene CSN2 which has a pronounced positive effect on the cheese’s milk properties, further enhances the similar effect of kappa-ca sein allele B. The beta-lactoglobulin gene BLG is associated with protein of milk and the biological value of milk [4,5]. His allele B is characterized by both a high content of casein proteins and high percentage of fat in milk, whereas al lele A — with a high content of whey proteins, respectively. The level of manifestation of signs of milk productivity in cows bear ing the allele A and B of the alpha-lactalbumin gene (LALBA) in their genome varies depending on the breed [6]
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