The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Cerebrovascular Accidents, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Visits the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study.

Abstract

Objective This study aims to assess the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) visits the emergency department (ED). Methods We compared two groups of patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) ED diagnosed with one of the following ACS, CVA, or DKA; patients presenting from 21 December 2019 to 23 March 2020 and patients presenting from 23 March 2020 to 21 June 2020, representing COVID-19 pre-lockdown and during-lockdown period, respectively. The variables we analyzed were age, nationality (Saudi/non-Saudi), and gender. Results Our total sample size was 285 patient visits, ACS (n=130), CVA (n=98), and DKA (n=57). Results showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of patients with ACS and the period of visitation to ED (45.24% reduction, p-value <0.001), while CVA (18.5% reduction, p-value 0.312) and DKA (16% reduction, p-value 0.508) showed no statistically significant relationship. Conclusion A lockdown may be necessary to control a pandemic. However, it may carry potential collateral damage, such as a decrease and delay in the presentation of life-threatening conditions, which may lead to worsening outcomes. A clinical presentation of these conditions should warrant comprehensive evaluation by healthcare workers regardless of an ongoing pandemic while implementing infection control guidelines.