Abstract
Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, chemical, biomedical and other important fields due to outstanding properties. The mechanical behavior of Ti alloys depends on microstructural characteristics and type of alloying elements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different Cu contents (2.5 wt.%, 7 wt.% and 14 wt.%) on mechanical and frictional properties of titanium alloys. The properties of titanium alloy were characterized by tensile test, electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, reciprocating friction and wear test. The results show that the intermediate phase that forms the eutectoid structure with α-Ti was identified as FCC Ti2Cu, and no primary β phase was formed. With the increase of Cu content, the Ti2Cu phase precipitation in the alloy increases. Ti2Cu particles with needle structure increase the dislocation pinning effect on grain boundary and improve the strength and hardness of titanium alloy. Thus, Ti-14Cu shows the lowest elongation, the best friction and wear resistance, which is caused by the existence of Ti2Cu phases. It has been proved that the mechanical and frictional properties of Ti-Cu alloys can be adjusted by changing the Cu content, so as to better meet its application in the medical field.
Highlights
Titanium alloys have high strength to weight ratio, excellent burn resistant and outstanding biocompatibility among metallic materials, they become ideal candidates for aerospace, chemical, biomedical and other important fields [1,2,3,4,5]
The addition of Cu to Ti alloys can lower the melting point of the alloy and increase the thermal conductivity [6], which facilitates the enhancement of burn resistance and machinability of titanium alloy
Depending on the specific copper content added to the binary system, Ti-Cu alloys may show distinct microstructures, e.g., eutectoid, hyper- and hypo-eutectoid microstructures, and this allows the possibility for the mechanical behavior of Ti-Cu alloys to be adjusted by controlling the fraction and distribution of Ti2 Cu precipitation [11,12]
Summary
Titanium alloys have high strength to weight ratio, excellent burn resistant and outstanding biocompatibility among metallic materials, they become ideal candidates for aerospace, chemical, biomedical and other important fields [1,2,3,4,5]. Copper element into titanium alloy has two phases, forming Ti2 Cu phase and forming needle structure, which can improve the mechanical properties of the material [9,10]. Depending on the specific copper content added to the binary system, Ti-Cu alloys may show distinct microstructures, e.g., eutectoid, hyper- and hypo-eutectoid microstructures, and this allows the possibility for the mechanical behavior of Ti-Cu alloys to be adjusted by controlling the fraction and distribution of Ti2 Cu precipitation [11,12]. Li [16] pointed out that with the increase of annealing temperature, phase segregation would occur and TiCu3 and Ti3 Cu4 intermetallic compounds would appear This intermetallic compound will make Ti-Cu alloys maintain good mechanical properties. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of copper content and evaluate the role of Ti2 Cu phase on the mechanical and tribological properties of hypo-, hyper- and eutectoid Ti-Cu alloys
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