The Effect of Congestion Pricing Scheme on the Generalized Cost and Speed of a Motorcycle

Abstract

Traffic congestion is one of the significant transport problems in many cities in developing countries. Increased economic growth and motorization have created more traffic congestion. The application of transportation demand management like congestion pricing can reduce congestion, pollution and increase road safety. The aim of this research is to estimate the congestion pricing of motorcycles and the effect of a congestion pricing scheme on the generalized cost and speed of a motorcycle. The amount of congestion pricing is the difference between actual generalized cost in traffic jams and in free-flow speed conditions. The analysis approach using 3 components of generalized costs of motorcycle: vehicle operating, travel time and externality cost (pollution cost). The approach to analyze the pollution cost is marginal-health cost and fuel consumption in traffic jams and free-flow speed conditions. The value of time based on Gross Regional Domestic Product per capita in Yogyakarta City in October 2012. The simulation to estimate the effect of congestion pricing using Equilibre Multimodal, Multimodal Equilibrium-2 (EMME-2) software. The results of this study show that while the free-flow speed of a motorcycle to the city of Yogyakarta is 42.42 km/h, with corresponding generalized cost of IDR1098 per trip, the actual speed in traffic jams is 10.77 km/h producing a generalized cost of IDR2767 per trip, giving a congestion pricing for a motorcycle of IDR1669 per trip. Based on the simulation by using EMME-2, the effect of congestion pricing will increase on vehicle speed by 0.72 to 8.11 %. The highest increase of vehicle speed occurred in Malioboro Street at 2.26 km/h, while the largest decrease occurred in Mayor Suryotomo Street at north-south direction at 1.07 km/h. Another effect of this application for motorcycles users will decrease the generalized cost by 1.09 to 6.63 %.