The Effect of Compressive Cyclic Loading on Retention of a Temporary Cement Used with Implants

Abstract

Masticatory forces cause fatigue to cement-retained crowns and abutments and may adversely effect retention. The relation between the number of load cycles and the retentive forces is important. This study evaluated the effect of compressive cyclic loading on the retentive forces of a temporary cement used to retain implant crowns and the relationship between load cycles and retentive forces. Ten castings and implant abutments were cemented with zinc oxide-eugenol temporary cement. The retentive force necessary to dislodge the casting from the abutment was determined before and after the application of 2 Hz of vertical off-axis 3-mm sinusoidal-type compressive cyclic loading between 20 and 130 N for 500000, 1000000, and 5000000 cycles. These forces were equivalent to approximately 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years of human mastication. Data before and after the applied loading were analyzed with a paired sample t test (alpha = 0.05). The retentive forces of the 3 groups were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc by Scheffé multiple comparison (alpha = 0.05). The relation of the loading and the altered retentive forces were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Compressive cyclic loading reduced the retentive forces significantly in all groups (P = .000). The retentive forces were reduced 16.75%, 18.73%, and 19.68% during the applied loading cycles of 500000, 1000000, and 5000000. All reduced retentive forces were not significantly different (P = .792). Although cyclic loading reduced the retentive forces, the increased cycles had little relationship (R = 0.119) to the decreased retentive forces of the temporary cement. The relationship between occlusal loading and retentive force can influence the choice of a temporary cement for a particular clinical situation.