Abstract
Recent theories of formal organization have argued that the external environment has a determinant effect on organizational behavior and structure. Executives of 104 nonprofit human service organiza tions in a medium-sized city were surveyed to study the effect of perceived competition for scarce resources on labor management prac tices. Many executives perceived their environment to be both coop erative and competitive; most had adopted rational management procedures. No significant effect of competition on management was found.
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