The effect of combined therapy with calcium salts and vitamin D on the concentration of macro- and microelements in saliva in young children

Abstract

Background. A balanced supply of macro- and microelements to various organs and systems is a prerequisite for maintaining human health. Deficiency or excess of macro- and microelements in saliva can be associated with both inflammation and oxidative damage to the oral tissues. Provision of calcium in the human body significantly affects the state of salivary ionome. However, currently there are few studies on the effect of Ca and vitamin D on the state of salivary ionome in healthy children. Purpose: to study the effect of combined use of prophylactic doses of Ca and vitamin D on the concentration of macro- and microelements in saliva of young children. Materials and methods. Under our supervision, there were 36 clinically healthy young children who received Calcicare 2.5 ml 3 times a day for 2 months. The study of the content of macro- and microelements in urine was carried out by optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the application package Statistica 6.1 on a personal computer based on Intel Pentium processor. Results. The study showed that the combined use of calcium carbonate and vitamin D significantly changes the concentration of some macro- and microelements in saliva of young children. The level of some trace elements in saliva before the start of therapy with Calcicare correlated with the frequency of acute respiratory infections. Thus, a higher incidence of acute respiratory infections was observed in children with reduced salivary excretion of Ca and S. Young children had a low concentration of Ca and Mg in saliva before the course of Calcicare therapy. Treatment with Calcicare led to an activation of the metabolism of these macronutrients in saliva of young children, which was characterized by an increase in the level of Ca from 29.5 ± 4.4 mg/l to 60.1 ± 6.8 mg/l (p < 0.01), Mg from 4.9 ± 0.6 mg/l to 9.3 ± 0.8 mg/l (p < 0.01), S from 336.3 ± 3.8 mg/l to 2501.6 ± 275.4 mg/l (p < 0.01), and P from 5.6 ± 0.3 mg/l to 15.8 ± 0.7 mg/l (p < 0.01). An increase in the concentration of Ca and P in saliva after the treatment with Calcicare probably has an anti-caries effect. An increase in the level of Mg in saliva after the course of Calcicare may have anti-inflammatory and antitumor effect on the oral mucosa. Co-administration of calcium carbonate and vitamin D led to the disappearance of salivary excretion of some trace elements such as B, Cd, Li, Pb, which may relieve the oral mucosa and dental tissues from the toxic effects of these trace elements. Conclusions. The combined use of calcium carbonate and vitamin D (Calcicare) for 2 months in young children is accompanied by changes in salivary ionome, which are of anti-inflammatory and anti-caries nature. After taking calcium carbonate and vitamin D, there was a cessation of salivary excretion of some trace elements, which have a toxic effect on the oral tissues. The use of Calcicare in the recommended dose of 2.5 ml 3 times a day for 2 months is characterized by a high safety profile and can be recommended for young children, especially those at risk of developing calcium deficiency.