The effect of colchicine on in vitro growth of ciplukan (Physalis angulata)

Abstract

Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) is one of medicinal plants belongs to Solanaceae family. The in vitro system has the potential to multiply plants that have uniform characters in large quantities. One strategy to improve the important characters of medicinal plants is by artificially induced polyploidy using antimitotic compounds, such as colchicine. Variations in types of explants treated with colchicine have varied characters in growth response. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tissue types and different duration of soaking in colchicine solution on the shoot and root regeneration of P. angulata in vitro. Two types of tissue namely seeds, and cotyledonary nodes were soaked in 0.1% colchicine solution for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Shoot regeneration of control and colchicine-treated tissues were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP 2 mg/l + IAA 0.05 mg/L. Rooting medium was MS0 medium with or without supplemented with activated charcoal (AC). The results showed that the number and height of shoots and the number of leaves on the growth of shoots in vitro had the same pattern except for in vitro shoots produced by seeds soaked in colchicine solution for 48 hours. In vitro shoots produced by soaking cotyledonary nodes for 24 hours tended to produce better growth than shoots produced from seeds without colchicine treatment (control) as well as 48- and 72-hours soaking treatments. The in vitro shoots produced by soaking the seeds for 72 hours still tended to be able to produce better growth than the control and soaking treatments for 24- and 48-hours. Shoot derived from colchicine treated cotyledonary nodes produced more roots than shoots produced by soaking seeds. However, shoot height and number of leaves varied depending on the duration of soaking of explants in colchicine solution. Activated charcoal reduced root number.