Abstract
This research is conducted to analyze and determine the optimum of COD concentration containing leaves litter, canteen and composite waste to power density and COD removal efficiency as the indicator of SMFC performance. COD as the one of organic matter parameters perform as substrate, nutrient and dominating the whole process of SMFC. Leaves litter and canteen based food waste were obtained from TPST UNDIP in Semarang and treated in SMFC reactor. Its reactor was designed 2 liter volume and equipped by homemade graphene electrodes that were utilized at the surface of organic waste as cathode and in a half of reactor height as anode. COD concentration was initially characterized and became variations of initial COD concentration. Waste volume was maintained 2/3 of volume of reactor. Bacteria sources as the important process factor in SMFC were obtained from river sediment which contain bacteroides and exoelectrogenic bacteria. Temperature and pH were not maintained while power density and COD concentration were periodically observed and measured during 44 days. The results showed that power density up to 4 mW/m2 and COD removal efficiency performance up to 70% were reached by leaves litter, canteen and composite waste at days 11 up to days 44 days. Leaves litter contain 16,567 mg COD/l providing higher COD removal efficiency reached approximately 87.67%, more stable power density reached approximately 4.71 mW/m2, and faster optimum time in the third day than canteen based food waste and composite waste. High COD removal efficiency has not yet resulted in high power density.
Highlights
SMFC has become an alternative technology of solid waste treatment converting solid phase material to ecofriendly product and directly electrical energy
SMFC has one compartment consists of catode and anode which were connected by electricity circuit and the distance between catode and anode is a half of reactor height
C-organic test result of two materials in accordance with the result of C-organic canteen waste reached above 46.11% [11], and C-organic composite waste reached in range 16.90-19.60% [12], except C-organic leaves litter test result reached below 48.4% [13]
Summary
SMFC has become an alternative technology of solid waste treatment converting solid phase material to ecofriendly product and directly electrical energy. The problems were found where COD concentration containing material type affect the COD removal efficiency and electrical production. Buffiere et al [2] stated that COD measurement is a very important to know the value of biodegradability from waste to produce energy. Output electrical power depend on complex organic type in waste which is hard degradable so it restrict electrical production [3]. High COD concentration means high COD removal efficiency and electrical production but it was the problem. Higher COD removal efficiency [4,5]. Many research found that high COD concentration was not necessarily producing high electricity [5-7
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