Abstract
Abstract. The coastal area is absolutely essential for the purposes of resident, recreation, tourism, fisheries and agriculture as a source of socio-economic development of local community. Some of the activities will affect the coastline changes. Coastline changes may occur due to two main factors include natural factors and also by the factor of human activities in coastal areas. Sea level rise, erosion and sedimentation are among the factors that can contribute to the changes in the coastline naturally, while the reclamation and development in coastal areas are factors of coastline changes due to human activities. Resident area and all activities in coastal areas will provide economic resources to the residents of coastal areas. However, coastline changes occur in the coastal areas will affect socio-economic for local community. A significant effect can be seen through destruction of infrastructure, loss of land, and destroy of crops. Batu Pahat is an area with significant changes of coastline. The changes of coastline from 1985 to 2013 can be determined by using topographical maps in 1985 and satellite images where the changes images are taken in 2011 and 2013 respectively. To identify the changes of risk areas, Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is used to indicate vulnerability for coastal areas. This change indirectly affects the source of income in their agricultural cash crops such as oil palm and coconut. Their crops destroyed and reduced due to impact of changes in the coastline. Identification of risk coastal areas needs to be done in order for the society and local authorities to be prepared for coastline changes.
Highlights
The coastal area is absolutely essential for the purposes of resident, recreation, tourism, fisheries and agriculture as a source of socioeconomic development of local community
The impact of coastline changes will seriously affect to the natural environment and socio-economic who lived in coastal zone area
National Coastal Zone Physical Plan 2012 (NCZPP) reported that agricultural activities along the coastal areas of Muar and Batu Pahat involving palm oil (17%) and cash crops (11%), which includes the use of land for coastal areas
Summary
Malaysia’s coastline approximately has 4,800 kilometre (KM) including coastal area at Sabah and Sarawak (Ismail, 2014). The population of has placed emphasis on activity of socioeconomic growth in coastal areas Each of these activities can provide economic resources to the local community at coastal area. Regarding to National Coastal Zone Physical Plan 2012 (NCZPP) reported that, the population of the coastal areas of Peninsular Malaysia was 6.65 million (JPBD, 2012). The impact of coastline changes will seriously affect to the natural environment and socio-economic who lived in coastal zone area. It will reduce water quality, ground water characteristic, loss of properties, and risk of life, agricultures, and loss of tourism recreation (Doong, 2009). Sources of income will change from natural sources to other sources such as businesses, and service
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