The effect of chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction on the reduction of the serum uric acid levels through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity

Diah Pitaloka Putri,Aulia Putri Wahyuningtyas,Nani Maharani,Ahmad Ni'Matullah Al-Baarri

doi:10.5219/1667

Diah Pitaloka Putri, Aulia Putri Wahyuningtyas + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5219/1667

Copy DOI

Abstract

Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism and is categorized as hyperuricemia when it reaches >6.0 mg.dL-1 for women and >7.0 mg.dL-1 for men. The chayote leaves (Sechium edule) contain a high amount of flavonoid and might be used as an alternative to reduce hyperuricemia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction on the level of uric acid and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in Sprague Dawley Rats. The flavonoid fraction (FF) was obtained by extracting the chayote leaves, fractionating with n-hexane, hydrolyzing with HCl, and finally re-fractionating with ethyl acetate. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were induced for hyperuricemia by potassium oxonate and broth block for 21 days, and the interventions were given orally for 14 days. The rats were divided randomly into five groups: normal control (K-), hyperuricemia control (K+), hyperuricemia with FF dose 50 mg.200g-1 body weight (P1), hyperuricemia with FF dose 100 mg.200g-1 body weight (P2) and hyperuricemia with allopurinol 1.8 mg.200g-1 body weight. Xanthine oxidase activity was measured by CheKineTM Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit, with simple colorimetry methods. The statistical analysis for XO activity was done using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann Whitney. The results showed that chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction contains apigenin, apigenin o-glucoside, and luteolin. It also has antioxidant activity with 98.45% inhibition. There was a significant reduction in xanthine oxidase activity in groups treated with FF (p <0.005). The best dose of FF affecting XO activity was 100 mg.200g-1 body weight. The combination of FF and allopurinol can be more effective in decreasing uric acid levels by inhibiting XO activity.

Highlights

Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism, which is produced endogenously, and mostly comes from purines in foods consumed excessively
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction on the level of uric acid and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in Sprague Dawley Rats
The results showed that chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction contains apigenin, apigenin o-glucoside, and luteolin

Summary

Introduction

Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism, which is produced endogenously, and mostly comes from purines in foods consumed excessively. An increase in uric acid levels is called hyperuricemia (Dalbeth et al, 2016; Kushiyama et al, 2016). Lifestyle factors include excessive purine diet (the habit of consuming seafood, internal meats such as liver, kidney, intestines), alcohol consumption, obesity, gender, and age, which are risk factors for increased hyperuricemia (Raja et al, 2019). Chayote leaves are not as popular as the other part of the plant regardless of its content of bioactive compounds higher than the fruit. The bioactive compounds in chayote leaves include phenolics, carotenoids, and flavonoids (Managa et al, 2021; Siciliano et al, 2004). The apigenin and luteolin content in chayote leaves is, respectively, 0.081 g.100g-1 and 0.141 g.100g-1 (Loizzo et al, 2016; Vieira et al, 2019)

Objectives

Results

Conclusion