Abstract

SummaryThe composition, density, biomass and diversity of soil‐macrofauna communities were assessed in eight land‐use categories in the Mabira Forest Reserve, towards the end of the rainy season. Some soil characteristics were also measured, in seven sites. Sixteen orders were recorded in the eight sites. The cleared and uncultivated site had the highest density (1247 m‐2) and diversity (9 orders per sample), whilst the lowest density and diversity occurred in the one‐year cultivation site (200 m‐2) and the twenty‐year cultivation site (5 1 orders per sample) respectively. Natural forest had the highest biomass (9‐8 g m‐2) and the four‐year cultivation site had the lowest biomass (31 g m‐2). Following continuous cultivation for a year, faunal biomass tended to fall along with the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soils. In general, forest clearance and continuous cultivation have deleterious effects on the soils macrofauna and its chemical and physical properties.RésuméOn a évalué la composition, la densité, la biomasse et la diversité des communautés de macrofaune du sol dans huit catégories différentes de terrain, dans la reserve forestière de Mabira, vers la fin de la saison des pluies. En sept endroits, on a aussi mesuré certaines caractéristiques du sol.On a relevé seize ordres aux huit endroits. Le site dégagé et non cultivéétait celui qui abritait les plus fortes densités (1247/m2) et diversité (9 ordres/échantillon) tandis que les plus basses densité et diversite s'observaient respectivement dans un site cultivé depuis un an (220/m2) et un cultivé depuis vingt ans (51 ordres/échantillon). La forêt naturelle abrite la plus grande biomasse (9‐8 g/m2), et le site cultivé depuis quatre ans, la plus faible (3‐1 g/m2). En suivant une culture continue pendant un an, on voit que la biomasse animale tend à baisser en même temps que la matière organique, l'azote total, le phosphore disponible et le potassium libre contenus dans le sol.En général, le dégagement des forêts et la culture continue ont des effets destructeurs sur la macrofaune du sol et sur ses propriétés chimiques et physiques.

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