Abstract
Direct measurements of the total force as a function of separation between basal plane surfaces of cleaved muscovite mica immersed in aqueous solutions containing mono-, di- and trivalent cations are reported. The cations studied, which have similar crystal radii of about 0.1 nm, alter the interaction both via surface adsorption and by adsorption in the diffuse double-layer. Surface ion adsorption determines the double-layer potential and, above some critical concentration, gives rise to strong repulsive pressures — apparently due to the hydration or hydrolysis properties of the adsorbed cation. The results presented in this study are compared with those obtained for the “crystalline” and double-layer swelling of other clay minerals.
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