The Effect of Ca Dopant on the Electrical and Dielectric Properties of BaTi4O9 Sintered Ceramics.

Asad Ali,Zafar Iqbal,Fozia Sultana,Qeemat Gul,Abid Zaman,Muhammad Mushtaq,Sarir Uddin,Muhammad Hasnain Jameel,Khaled Althubeiti,Rafi Ullah

doi:10.3390/ma14185375

Abstract

The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical properties of (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9, (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) sintered pellets synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The emergence of orthorhombic phase fit into space group Pnmm was revealed by XRD, and the addition of Ca resulted in a considerable shift in grain size. Dielectric properties were determined using an impedance spectroscopy in a wide frequency range from 1MHz to 3 GHz. The dielectric properties i.e., dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (), were measured at 3 GHz frequency. The frequency-dependent parameters such as conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss indicated that the relaxation process is a Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The improved dielectric properties and low energy loss have made (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9 a prominent energy storage material. This study provides the possibility to improve its dielectric properties and reduce energy loss, making it an excellent energy storage material.

Highlights

Owing to remarkable chemical as well as electrical properties, barium titanate (BT) has traditionally been regarded as developing dielectric material
The doping of Ca2+ improves the dielectric and electrical properties of the ceramic compounds for electrical and dielectric resonator applications [8]. Because of their good microwave dielectric properties, the majority of investigations have been focused on diverse dielectric ceramic materials, ceramics based on BT and polymer-related substances
The phase analysis shows that the impurity-free orthorhombic phase structure along with space group (Pnmm) is formed at (x = 0.0), the lattice parameters decrease with the substitution of Ca2+, and the unit cell volume decreases

Summary

Introduction

Owing to remarkable chemical as well as electrical properties, barium titanate (BT) has traditionally been regarded as developing dielectric material. Doping divalent metals (Ca2+, Sr2+, Sn2+) onto BaTi4O9 improves the dielectric properties (εr) of the sample, such as the quality factor (Q) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf), which are important in the manufacture of electronic devices. The doping of Ca2+ improves the dielectric and electrical properties of the ceramic compounds for electrical and dielectric resonator applications [8]. Because of their good microwave dielectric properties, the majority of investigations have been focused on diverse dielectric ceramic materials, ceramics based on BT and polymer-related substances. BaTi4O9 ceramics have good dielectric properties i.e., high relative permittivity (εr = 36), good quality factor (Q = 3260 GHz), or low loss (Tanδ = 0.00048) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf = +24 ppm/◦C). The microwave dielectric properties of electro-ceramics are heavily influenced by the production strategies and dopant content [12]

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Conclusion