Abstract
ABSTRACTTwo buckwheat groats processing methods were used for production of final commercial product. The first one involved thermal processing (steamed) and then dehulling, and the second one dehulling without thermal treatment (raw). The research evidenced that the raw groats and hulls were several times more contaminated with aflatoxin B1 compared with steamed ones. High concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (75.8 µg kg−1) and T-2 toxin (351.0 µg kg−1) were detected in the raw hull samples. The total phenolics responded more sensitively to thermal treatment than phenolic acids. More than 20 times higher concentrations of quercetin (65.47 ± 6.3 µg g–1) were determined in steamed hulls compared to other raw and steamed samples. Buckwheat groats and hulls, containing the highest concentrations of quercetin and hydroxybenzoic acids, were found to be 10-fold less contaminated with aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxins; however, the correlations between the phenolics and mycotoxins were statistically insignificant.
Highlights
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench) is a popular plant on the global health market
aflatoxin B1 (AFLB1)-producing species were detected in the groats samples of both
We found that the Total phenolic content (TPC) in raw groats was similar to that of intact buckwheat grain, and in steamed groats phenolic compound content was about 30% lower
Summary
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench) is a popular plant on the global health market. Owing to its chemical composition, buckwheat grain is suitable for use in the production of functional foods and food additives (Matić, Mastiloviã, Čabarkapa, & Mandiã, 2009). The colour of buckwheat groats depends on the dehulling method. Two methods of buckwheat dehulling are used – thermal and non-thermal. Buckwheat grains are saturated with moisture up to 22% of the dry weight and are steamed at 150–164°C temperature, sometimes from 130°C to 160°C under 5.5–6 bar pressure, cooled, conditioned, separated by sieving into fractions and hulled. According to the manufacturing company, during the nonthermal treatment raw grains are dehulled directly – buckwheat grains are moistened and dried until hulls become dry and kernels are moist and soft. Dry hulls break during the rolling process and moist kernels remain intact and of natural colour. The final yield of kernels ranges from 50% to 60%
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