Abstract
The spray atomization and related nozzle internal flow dictate the subsequent combustion of air/fuel mixture and emissions. The dynamics of internal flow and spray breakup under various injection pressures and initial conditions were studied by employing the combination of high-speed microscope imaging technique and CFD numerical simulation with VOF and RNG K-ε models. Four main types of spray fragmentation were observed and classified. The energy stored in the compressed bubbles was released to accelerate and atomize the fuel film in the front, which is more effective under higher injection pressure. Besides, it is surprising to discover the ‘C’ shaped fuel in the nozzle which divided the bubble into three parts rather than puncturing it directly. The probability of this ‘C’ shaped fuel decreased with increasing injection pressure due to the strong pressure shock. This study is believed to be essential for further revealing the spray breakup mechanisms.
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