Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the research was to determine the effect of breakthrough pain (BTP) on heart and lung function in patients whose cancer pain had been treated with strong opiates.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients who were treated in recumbent patients’ hospice of Palliative Care Centre (hospice) University Clinical Centre Tuzla. The effect of pain breakthrough onheart function was monitored by blood pressure and pulse measuring outside. The effect on respiratory function was monitored by measuring the respiration number with SpO2 and pCO2 and pO2 capillary blood valuesoutside, during and after relieving pain breakthrough.Results: Mean value for Karnofsky score for patients upon admission was 47.13 ± 11.05 and on discharge 51.25 ± 11.73. The total number of pain breakthroughs for patients within the 10 days of the treatment was1396. During the pain breakthrough the mean of systolic pressure was 133.1 mmHg and it was statistically significantly higher than the mean of systolic pressure measured after BTP relief with oral morphine. Themean of diastolic pressure measured outside of pain breakthrough was 75.9 mmHg and after the BTP relief it was 72.9 mmHg. The mean pulse outside of pain breakthrough was 92.7 heartbeats per minute and afterthe BTP relief 8 9.1 heartbeats per minute.Conclusion: Pain breakthrough leads to pulse acceleration, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and it also affects respiratory function by accelerating the respiration
Highlights
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of breakthrough pain (BTP) on heart and lung function in patients whose cancer pain had been treated with strong opiates
Pain breakthrough leads to pulse acceleration, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and it affects respiratory function by accelerating the respiration
The aim of the research was to establish the effect of BTP on heart and lung function in patients whose cancer pain was treated with strong opiates
Summary
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of breakthrough pain (BTP) on heart and lung function in patients whose cancer pain had been treated with strong opiates. (E1 and E2), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1, IL-6), substance P, tumour growth factor and they activate nociceptors that fire spontaneously and create peripheral sensitization and fast tumour growth of different types of tumours can lead to compression and nerve damage which causes ischemia and direct proteolysis (1). Chemotherapy induces the release of algogenic cytokines, radiotherapy leads to tissue fibrosis with nerve compression and painful mucositis can be caused both by radio and chemotherapy (2). Breakthrough pain (BTP) is a temporary sudden pain, a subtype of incidental pain that occurs over the “basic” pain during the opiate treatment. It should be differentiated from the weakly controlled basic pain, which is often a cause of the occurrence of pain breakthrough, from
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