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Abstract
BackgroundThis study was to investigate the effect of biomechanical stimulation on osteoblast differentiation of human periosteal-derived stem cell using the newly developed bioreactor.MethodsHuman periosteal-derived stem cells were harvested from the mandible during the extraction of an impacted third molar. Using the new bioreactor, 4% cyclic equibiaxial tension force (0.5 Hz) was applied for 2 and 8 h on the stem cells and cultured for 3, 7, and 14 days on the osteogenic medium. Biochemical changes of the osteoblasts after the biomechanical stimulation were investigated. No treatment group was referred to as control group.ResultsAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level were higher in the strain group than those in the control group. The osteocalcin and osteonectin mRNA expressions were higher in the strain group compared to those in the control group on days 7 and 14. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression was higher in the strain group in comparison to that in the control group. Concentration of alizarin red S corresponding to calcium content was higher in the strain group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe study suggests that cyclic tension force could influence the osteoblast differentiation of periosteal-derived stem cells under optimal stimulation condition and the force could be applicable for tissue engineering.
Highlights
This study was to investigate the effect of biomechanical stimulation on osteoblast differentiation of human periosteal-derived stem cell using the newly developed bioreactor
Many in vitro studies have shown that active bone formation during Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is due to mechanical tension stress that enhances the expression of osteogenesis markers, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4, osteocalcin, and type I collagen [3, 4]
Analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression Human periosteal-derived cells were cultured in osteogenic conditions for 3, 7, and 14 days
Summary
This study was to investigate the effect of biomechanical stimulation on osteoblast differentiation of human periosteal-derived stem cell using the newly developed bioreactor. The need for tissue engineering for new bone formation instead of bone grafting is rapidly increasing in the oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. There are both advantages and disadvantages to tissue engineering. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is one of the most frequently used tissue engineering-related bone augmentation technique in oral and maxillofacial surgery field. Ever since its original development by Dr Ilizarov to elongate long bones, DO has been widely used in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction, including alveolar distraction and craniofacial distraction [1, 2]. Many in vitro studies have shown that active bone formation during DO is due to mechanical tension stress that enhances the expression of osteogenesis markers, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), BMP-4, osteocalcin, and type I collagen [3, 4]
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