Abstract
Greenhouse experiments were carried out to study the effect of biochar and other organic amendment (Chicken Manure, CM; and City waste compost, CW) using on the growth and N fertilizer requirement of maize. The first experiment was carried out to study the effect of biochar application to maize growth, and then continued to study the residual effect of biochar. The second experiment was carried out to study the effect of biochar application on nitrogen fertilizer requirement. The results show that the first season of maize biomass of organic amendment of treated soils did not significantly different from no organic amendment. However, organic amendment improved soil fertility status, especially increasing C-organic, N, K and CEC. The biomass of the second season maize of biochar of treated soil was higher compared to the other treatments. The second experiment shows that biochar application decreased N fertilizer requirement. To produce 3.23 Mg ha-1 biomass, it required 90 kg ha-1 N for 15 Mg ha-1 CM biochar treated soil, and 160 kg ha-1 for the non treated soil.
Highlights
Since green revolution, it seems that application of inorganic fertilizer is hardly avoided in increasing crop production
Charoen Pokhand Poultry enterprises and the city waste, consisted of plant materials and other organic waste, was collected from city waste collector of Malang city, Indonesia. These materials were sun dried to reach water content of about 17 % and heated in the pyrolysis reactor at temperature of 500o C for 2 hours 30 minutes for poultry litter and 2 hours 5 minutes for city waste
Both with and without organic amendment addition, improved plant growth by increasing plant height, stem diameter, root length and dry biomass of maize harvested at the end of vegetative growth (Table 2)
Summary
It seems that application of inorganic fertilizer is hardly avoided in increasing crop production. The advantage of inorganic fertilizers, has been proven widely to have very spectacular results. It is able to make the production doubled, or even tripled compared to world crop production. The phenomena of decreasing soil quality, on the other hand to obtain the same yield, the rate of inorganic fertilizer application steadily increases from year to year. The application of chemical fertilizer is not capable of maintaining yield increase (Islami et al, 2011). It has been widely realized that application of excessive inorganic fertilizer, especially nitrogen, causes soil deterioration and many environmental problems (Haynes & Naidu, 1998; Liu et al, 2010; Vitosuek et al, 1997)
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