The Effect of Barley Cover Crop Residue and Herbicide Management on the Foliar Arthropod Community in No-Till Soybeans

Armando Rosario-Lebron,Guihua Chen,Alan Leslie,Cerruti Hooks

doi:10.3390/agronomy8060087

Abstract

Cover cropping has long been used as a method of reducing soil erosion, increasing soil quality, and suppressing weeds. However, the effects of cover crops in local farming systems are varied and can be affected by timing and method of termination. Field experiments were conducted at two sites in Maryland, USA during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons to examine how varying the date and method of terminating a barley (Hordeum vulgare) cover crop affects the arthropod communities in succeeding no-till soybean (Glycine max). Experimental treatments included early-kill with pre- and post-emergent herbicides (EK), late-kill with pre- and post-emergent herbicides (LK), late-kill with a flail mower and pre-emergent herbicide (FM), and a fallow/bare-ground check with pre- and post-emergent herbicides (BG). Terminating barley late, just prior to soybean planting, resulted in significantly greater biomass accumulation in LK and FM than EK. However, method and timing of termination had no effect on the community of pest and beneficial arthropods in the soybean canopy. Results from this experiment suggest that terminating the cover crop early or late (just prior to crop planting) or using a mower or post-emergent herbicide will result in a similar community of arthropods within the soybean canopy.

Highlights

Cover cropping has long been used to reduce soil erosion in agricultural fields, and to retain post-harvest residual nutrients or add nutrients by fixing atmospheric nitrogen [1]
The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of cover crop termination method and timing on the arthropod community within soybean foliage
It was hypothesized that different cover crop termination methods examined during this study would influence the arthropod community disparately

Summary

Introduction

Cover cropping has long been used to reduce soil erosion in agricultural fields, and to retain post-harvest residual nutrients or add nutrients by fixing atmospheric nitrogen [1]. Field crop producers typically plant cereal or cereal–legume cover crop mixtures to provide ground coverage during periods when cash crops are not in season [2]. Most cover crops are planted in the fall and terminated chemically prior to cash crop planting in the spring. This is done primarily to reduce competition for resources with the main crop [5]. Cover crop termination results in plant residue that remains on the soil surface. These surface residues vary in dry biomass that persists through the growing season partially based on total cover crop biomass that has accumulated just prior to termination [6]

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Discussion

Conclusion