Abstract
Ball milling technology is the classical technology to isolate representative lignin in the cell wall of biomass for further investigation. In this work, different ball milling times were carried out on hardwood (poplar sawdust), softwood (larch sawdust), and gramineous material (bamboo residues) to understand the optimum condition to isolate the representative milled wood lignin (MWL) in these different biomass species. Results showed that prolonging ball milling time from 3 to 7 h obviously increased the isolation yields of MWL in bamboo residues (from 39.2% to 53.9%) and poplar sawdust (from 15.5% to 35.6%), while only a slight increase was found for the MWL yield of larch sawdust (from 23.4% to 25.8%). Importantly, the lignin substructure of ß-O-4 in the MWL samples from different biomasses can be a little degraded with the increasing ball milling time, resulting in the prepared MWL with lower molecular weight and higher content of hydroxyl groups. Based on the isolation yield and structure features, milling time with 3 and 7 h were sufficient to isolate the representative lignin (with yield over 30%) in the cell wall of bamboo residues and poplar sawdust, respectively, while more than 7 h should be carried out to isolate the representative lignin in larch sawdust.
Highlights
As the depletion of fossil energy and its derived environment issues, a sustainable alternative program is sought urgently
Ball milling with 3, 5, and 7 h were performed on the different biomass to isolate the native-like lignin, which is aimed to provide an appropriate protocol to obtain the representative lignin for further application
The results showed that milling times with 3 and 7 h were sufficient to isolate the representative lignin in the cell wall of bamboo residues and poplar sawdust, respectively, while, more than 7 h should be carried out to isolate the representative lignin in larch sawdust
Summary
As the depletion of fossil energy and its derived environment issues, a sustainable alternative program is sought urgently. All of lignocellulosic biomass is composed of the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with different proportions (Hu et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2021; Zhao et al, 2021b). The application of cellulose and hemicellulose have been much investigated and converted into energy chemicals in industry (Huang et al, 2016a; Chen et al, 2018; Lai et al, 2019; Luo et al, 2021). Lignin, the major phenolic polymers in biomass, remains underutilized in biorefining, which is required to explore the potential applications in theory (Liu et al, 2021a; Liu et al, 2021b; Huang et al, 2022). Due to the highly variable complex structure of lignin, how to effectively separate lignin from lignocellulosic biomass is the key to efficient utilization of lignin (Yuan et al, 2013)
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