The Effect of Azimuth and Tilt Angle Changes on the Energy Balance of Photovoltaic System Installed in the Southern Slovakia Region

Monika Božiková,Vladimír Madola,Jana Lendelová,Matúš Bilčík,Ľubomír Kubík,Tímea Szabóová,Vladimír Cviklovič

doi:10.3390/app11198998

Abstract

Energy balance of the photovoltaic system is influenced by many factors. In this article the effect of tilt and azimuth angle changes of the photovoltaic system energy production is analyzed. These parameters have significant impact on the amount of solar radiation which hits on the photovoltaic panel surface and therefore also on the energy absorbed by the module surface. The main aim of research was identification of the optimal position of photovoltaic system installation in the southern Slovakia regions. The experimental apparatus had two setups consisting of polycrystalline photovoltaic modules. The first setup was used for identification of the tilt angle changes in the range (0–90°). The second one was focused on the detection of the azimuth angle effect to the energy production. The measurement results were statistically processed and mathematically analyzed. Obtained dependencies are presented as two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical relations. Regression equations characterize time relations between the tilt or azimuth angle and the energy produced by the photovoltaic system in Southern Slovakia. Obtained simplified mathematical model was verified by analytical model. Presented models can be used for the dimensioning and optimization of the photovoltaic system energy production.

Highlights

Non-renewable energy sources, such as fossil fuel, have been the major source of energy in many regions, including Central Europe region
The equation for the simplified performance model has the form described by Equation (15): P(t) = ktype·kconst·ktilt·kazim·ktcell ·kloss· fG(t)·Pinst where P is power of PV system in kW, ktype coefficient for PV module type, kconst is coefficient for PV system construction, ktilt coefficient for PV module tilt angle, kazim is coefficient for PV module azimuth angle, ktcell is coefficient for PV cell temperature, kloss coefficient for PV system loss, fG(t) is the function for solar radiation intensity in kW·m−2, and Pinst is installed power of PV system in kWp
The first benefit of presented research is a simplified mathematical model for energy production expressed through the time relations for tilt angle and azimuth angle which contains a very small number of input parameters which are identifiable to ordinary users of PV system

Summary

Introduction

Non-renewable energy sources, such as fossil fuel, have been the major source of energy in many regions, including Central Europe region. Regression equations characterize time relations between the tilt or azimuth angle and the energy produced by the photovoltaic system in Southern Slovakia.

Results

Conclusion