The Effect of Avocado Leaf Ethanol Extract (Persea Americana Mill) on Aspirin-Induced Reduction of Gastric Acid in Rats

Abstract

Gastritis is inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach. Gastritis can be caused by several things, one of which is the use of anti-inflammatory drugs which can damage the gastric mucosal lining which occurs in two ways, namely local and systemic. Local damage is caused by being lipophilic and acidic, while systemic damage is caused by a significant decrease in prostaglandin production. Avocado leaf ethanol extract contains flavonoids and saponins which have anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit histamine secretion. This study aims to analyze the activity of ethanol extract of avocado leaves in reducing gastritis in vivo in rats induced by apirin. Samples of 60 mice weighing 150-200 g were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control group (CMC Na), positive control (Simetidine), ethanol extract of avocado leaves 100, 200, 400 mg/Kg BW. Mice were fasted for 24 hours, induced by aspirin 400 mg/KgBW for 24 hours and mice remained fasted. then given treatment according to group division for 8 days. Every 2 days after treatment, 3 mice were taken from each group to be sacrificed by dislocation, the mice's stomachs were dissected, all gastric fluid was collected and the stomach contents were removed and then washed with 0.9% NaCl solution. Gastric fluid is used to check fluid concentration and pH. Then the rat's stomach was opened by stretching it to count the number of ulcers and the ulcer index that occurred. The results of the study showed that the 400 mg/KgBW avocado leaf ethanol extract group had an anti-inflammatory effect that was almost the same as Cimetidine, this was shown by the results of decreasing gastric fluid concentration, decreasing the number of ulcers, decreasing the ulcer index and increasing gastric pH. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of avocado leaves has an anti-inflammatory effect in reducing gastritis.