Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has a hereditary basis that is modified by interactions with the environment, including diet. Differentially expressed genes in non-lesional skin, determined by RNA sequencing before and after a dietary intervention, were compared between dogs with naturally occurring CAD (n = 4) and healthy dogs (n = 4). The dogs were fed either a common commercial heat-processed high carbohydrate food (kibble diet) (n = 4), or a non-processed high fat food (raw meat-based diet) (n = 4). At the end of the diet intervention, 149 differentially expressed transcripts were found between the atopic and healthy dogs. The main canonical pathways altered by the dysregulation of these genes were angiopoietin signaling, epidermal growth factor signaling, activation of angiogenesis, and alterations in keratinocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism. On the other hand, 33 differently expressed transcripts were found between the two diet groups, of which 8 encode genes that are annotated in the current version of the dog genome: immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5 (IGLL5), B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain (CD79B), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), and mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (MRRF). All genes were upregulated in the raw diet group. In conclusion the findings of this study suggest alterations in lipid and keratinocyte metabolism as well as angiogenesis in the skin of atopic dogs. Additionally, a possible enhancement of innate immunity and decrease in oxidative stress was seen in raw food fed dogs, which could have an important role in preventing hypersensitivities and disturbed immunity at young age.
Highlights
Atopic dermatitis (AD) in humans is a complex hereditary disease characterized by its genetic pre- disposition, as well as how it causes immunologic hyperreactivity and a defective skin barrier
In dogs suffering from Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), the defective skin barrier is believed to facilitate the penetration of allergens into the skin
These results suggest that the lipid metabolism in the skin of atopic dogs might have been impaired, detrimentally affecting skin barrier function
Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD) in humans is a complex hereditary disease characterized by its genetic pre- disposition, as well as how it causes immunologic hyperreactivity and a defective skin barrier. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) shares genetic, Diet and Skin Gene Expression phenotypic, and histological similarities with human AD [5]. CAD is estimated to affect 10–15% of the canine population and seems to be increasing over time [5, 6]. It has been reported that pure bred dogs are more likely to develop atopy and allergic dermatitis than mixed breeds [7]. Staffordshire bull terriers and similar breeds (bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, and pit bull terrier) have previously been shown to be susceptible to CAD [8,9,10,11,12,13]
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