The effect of aquaporin‐4 mis‐localization on Aβ pathology in mice

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe reduced clearance of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) is thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, characterized by the deposition of Aβ plaques. Previous studies have shown that Aβ is cleared via the glymphatic system, a brain‐wide network of perivascular pathways that support exchange between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid within the brain. Such exchange is mediated by the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), localized at astrocytic endfeet. Research has found that the deletion or mislocalization of Aqp4 is associated with reduced Aβ clearance and, in turn, Aβ plaque formation.MethodIn this study, we evaluated how the deposition of Aβ plaques within a 5xFAD mouse model is impacted by either the mislocalization or deletion of perivascular AQP4. We utilized both the AQP4 knockout mouse and α‐syntrophin (Snta1) knockout mouse, which lacks perivascular AQP4 localization, and crossed them with a mouse model line of amyloidosis (5xFAD) to determine the effect on Aβ deposition. Mice were perfused at 18 weeks and amyloid‐beta, AQP4, and lectin were assessed by immunofluorescence. Amyloid β distribution was evaluated anterior to posterior through the brain utilizing regions of interests for entire slice, cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, subiculum, sub cortical structures, and amygdala when applicable.ResultWe observed that both the absence (Aqp4KO) and mislocalization (Snta1KO) of AQP4 significantly increases amyloid distribution across the brain, when compared with 5xFAD littermate controls. Further, the mislocalization of AQP4 resulted in a significant increase in the size of Aβ plaque deposition not present with AQP4 deletion.Conclusions highlights that the mislocalization of perivascular AQP4 has a greater impact on increased amyloid burden than the deletion of AQP4. In suggesting that the mechanism of AQP4 mislocalization may lie upstream of amyloid or tau pathology, targeting perivascular AQP4 localization may be provide a novel pathway toward secondary, or potentially primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.