Abstract
To examine the effect of a Caralluma Fimbriata extract (CFE) on biomarkers of satiety and body composition in overweight adults. A double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial to examine the effect of a Caralluma Fimbriata extract (CFE) on biomarkers of satiety and body composition in overweight adults. Eighty-three men and women aged between 20 and 50 years of age completed 16 weeks of daily supplementation with either CFE or placebo. Plasma cardiometabolic (lipid profile, glucose, insulin) and satiety (ghrelin, leptin, neuropeptideY) biomarkers, body composition, diet history and gastrointenstinal function were assessed at baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16. Subjects in the CFE and placebo groups were well matched and predominatly female 93% and 87.5%, with a mean age of 40.9 ± 6.7 and 39.5 ± 7.5 years and body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 ± 3.1 and 30.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2 respectively. There was a significant difference in plasma leptin concentration change between groups at week 16 (p = 0.04), with the placebo group increasing concentration (2.27 ± 4.80 ng/mL) while the CFE group (0.05 ± 4.69 ng/mL) remained the same. At week 16, the CFE group had significantly reduced their calorie intake from baseline compared to the placebo group (245 cal vs 15.8 cal respectively p < 0.01). The CFE group also had a significant reduction in waist circumference of 2.7 cm compared to an increase of 0.3 cm in the placebo group (p = 0.02). A weight increase from baseline was seen in the placebo group that was not observed in the CFE group (1.33 kg weight gain vs 0.37 kg weight loss respectively; p = 0.03). The placebo group also had a significant increase in fat mass, android fat mass, BMI and leptin compared to the CFE group (p = 0.04, 0.02, < 0.01 respectively). CFE was effective at maintaining bodyweight during a non-calorie controlled diet compared to a placebo. The mechanism responsible for this action is requiring further research and could be due to an increase in satiety receptor sensitivity.
Highlights
Obesity represents a significant health, societal, and economic concern for Australia but the world[1,2]
Plasma leptin concentration significantly increased at week 16 in the placebo group compared to the Caralluma Fimbriata extract (CFE) which remained constant (p < 0.05; Fig. 2)
Plasma ghrelin showed no significant difference between groups; there was a significant difference for plasma leptin
Summary
Obesity represents a significant health, societal, and economic concern for Australia but the world[1,2]. One type of supplement gaining popularity for weight loss are natural bioactive supplements (Functional foods) One such plant that shows promise is Caralluma Fimbriata Of CFE to prevent body weight gain and positively alter lipid profiles in obesity-induced rats fed a cafeteria diet. Preliminary human research has shown CFE dosed at one gram daily for 16 weeks, in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet, can reduce central adiposity in overweight adults compared to a p lacebo[8]. Another study reported similar results where one gram of CFE taken daily for 60 days, successfully suppressed appetite and reduced waist circumference in overweight a dults[16]. A recent study following a similar protocol (1 g/day, 12 weeks) failed to show efficacy of CFE on appetite control and anthropometry measures in overweight and obese adults[20]
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