The effect of alkyl chain branching positions on the electron mobility and photovoltaic performance of naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI)-based polymers

Abstract

Conjugated polymers are widely used in organic optoelectronic devices due to their solution processability, thermal stability and structural diversity. Generally, alkyl side chains must be utilized to increase the solubility of final polymers in the processing solvent. However, the effects of different type alkyl chains on the properties of n-type photovoltaic polymers have rarely been investigated. In this article, we synthesized three naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI) based polymers containing bulky alkyl chains with different branching position, named as NDTI-1, NDTI-2 and NDTI-3, respectively. We systematically investigated the effect of different branching point on the molecular packing, charge transport and photovoltaic performance. When moving the branching point away from the backbone, the intermolecular interaction became stronger, which could be proved by 2D grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurement. Therefore, the electron mobilities in organic field-effect transistors gradually increased from 2.11×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 for NDTI-1 to 4.70×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 for NDTI-2 and 9.27×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 for NDTI-3, which are quite high values for polymers with face-on orientation. In addition, the NDTI-2 and NDTI-3 thin films exhibited red-shifted absorption spectra compared with NDTI-1. When blending with three classic donor polymers PBDB-T, PTB7-Th and PE61, NDTI-2 based devices always showed the higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than the other two polymers (beside the comparable result of PTB7-Th:NDTI-3 combination) as a result of the high photocurrent response and high fill factor. Our results indicate that bulky alkyl chain with branching point at 2-position should be a good and safe choice for the design of naphthodithiophene diimide-based and even naphthalene diimide-based n-type photovoltaic polymers.