Abstract
Air pollution and global warming are two of the greatest threats to human and animal health and political stability. The primary global warming pollutants are, in order, carbon dioxide gas, fossil-fuel plus biofuel soot particles, methane gas, 4, 6 - 10 halocarbons, tropospheric ozone, and nitrous oxide gas. About half of actual global warming to date is being masked by cooling aerosol particles. Increased concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) since preindustrial times reflect increased emissions, but also contributions of past climate change. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2°C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China, and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.
Highlights
Air pollution and global warming are two of the greatest threats to human and animal health and political stability
The first effect is to reduce the solar radiation reaching the ground by scattering and absorbing sunlight cool the surface of the earth (Taylor & Penner, 1994), which could offset part of the warming effect caused by greenhouse gases
It can be concluded that atmospheric aerosol particles have climatic effects
Summary
Water, and land are associated with the atmosphere by exchanging gases, which is important for the weather and property of climate. The year from 1880 to 2000 saw a gradual increase in the mean temperature, and the average temperature rose for around 0.6 degrees Celsius in 2000 (Figure 1) (n.d.). Global warming is a continuous process and the mean temperature is predicted to rise another 0.3 to 0.7 degrees Celsius by 2035. Human activities have caused the increase the radiative forcing which led to the atmospheric carbon dioxide arisen for around 30%. The research (Liu & Rodríguez, 2005) for the double concentration of carbon dioxide found that the average global temperature would increase between 2.15 to 3.4 degrees Celsius. In the early twenty century, few studies suggested that temperatures in polar religions had been rising, but these changes have not been formally put down to human activities because of the scarcity of observations and spontaneous change (Polyakov et al, 2003). Through analyzing the data for the temperatures of the land surface (Gillett et al, 2008), anthropogenic influences are obvious in the poles and the effects of human activity are detectable in the Arctic
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