The effect of aerobic training on pulse wave velocity in adults with and without long-term conditions: a systematic review

Abstract

<b>Background:</b> There is conflicting evidence whether aerobic exercise training (AET) reduces pulse wave velocity (PWV) in adults with and without long-term conditions (LTC). <b>Aim:</b> To investigate the effect of AET on PWV in adults with and without LTC and any predictors of this response. <b>Methods:</b> The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We included studies in which PWV was measured before and after AET of at least 3 weeks duration. Controlled trials were included in a random effects meta-analysis (MA) to explore the effect of AET on PWV. Uncontrolled studies were included in a secondary MA and meta-regression exploring the effect of patient and programme factors on change in PWV. <b>Results:</b> 35 studies (n=1318 adults) were included: 21 randomised control trials (RCT) (n=911) and 12 non-RCT (n=407), mean age=53±19 and 38% male. There was a significant reduction in PWV following AET for both adults with and without LTC, Figure 1. The effect was similar when restricting to RCTs (MD: -0.73m/s; 1.03 to -0.42). Age, but no programme factors, was inversely associated with a reduction in PWV -0.01 (-0.02 to -0.01) m/s, p&lt;0.001. <b>Conclusion:</b> AET reduces PWV in adults with and without LTC, including individuals with COPD. Whether this effect is sustained and the clinical implications require further investigation including for pulmonary rehabilitation programmes.