Abstract
Background and aims: Beta-adrenergic signaling deficiency has been established to be related to obesity and related diseases. Beta3- adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) and beta-arrestin2 (Barr2) are pivotal agents in the beta-adrenergic-signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of aerobic training on dysregulation of Adrb3 and Barr2 gene expression that was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups as follows: 1) control group (n=7), 2) high-fat diet-induced overweight (HFD-OW) (n=7), and 3) high-fat diet with aerobic training (HFD-AT) (n=7). The HFD-OW group were fed with a HFD for 12 weeks. The HFD-AT group had aerobic training for six weeks on a treadmill in addition to feeding with the HFD. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to measure the gene expression of Adrb3 and Barr2 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Results: The gene expression of Adrb3 did not significantly change between groups (P>0.05). However, the expression of Barr2 in HFD-OW group was significantly increased as compared to the control group (1.5-fold: P=0.001). Interestingly, the Barr2 expression in HFD-AT group was significantly lower compared with HFD-OW group (P=0.045). Conclusion: The results indicated that aerobic training could inhibit the upregulation of Barr2 induced by HFD. It seems that a portion of the preventive effect of aerobic training on the development of obesity may be mediated by inhibiting the Barr2 expression in adipose tissue.
Highlights
The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity remarkably has increased over the current century to an extent that one-third of the world population is currently classified as obese/overweight [1]
Studies have shown that the expression of Adrb3 has been downregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese rodents [8,9] and obese/overweight humans [8,10,11]. β-Arrestin (Barr) is another agent of the ꞵ-adrenergic signaling that could be complicated in obesity [12]
After 12 weeks of the experiment, the animals in high-fat diet (HFD)-OW group displayed a significantly increased body weight compared to the control group (P = 0.001) (Figure 1)
Summary
The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity remarkably has increased over the current century to an extent that one-third of the world population is currently classified as obese/overweight [1]. It was recently shown that Barr can disturb β3-adrenergic signaling in adipose tissue, thereby contributing to adiposity and related complications in a pathophysiologic manner [15] In this matter, the Barr was shown to impair the browning of WAT, defect nonshivering thermogenesis, and predispose mice to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity [15]. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of aerobic training on dysregulation of Adrb and Barr gene expression that was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice. Conclusion: The results indicated that aerobic training could inhibit the upregulation of Barr induced by HFD It seems that a portion of the preventive effect of aerobic training on the development of obesity may be mediated by inhibiting the Barr expression in adipose tissue.
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