The effect of admission serum potassium levels on in-hospital and long-term mortality in type A acute aortic dissection

Abstract

BackgroundMild fluctuations in serum potassium (K+) levels are related to the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of admission serum potassium levels on in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD). Materials and methodsA total of 588 consecutive patients with type A AAD were enrolled, and they were grouped according to admission serum potassium level: <3.5, 3.5 to <4.0, 4.0 to <4.5, 4.5 to <5.0, and ≥5.0mmol/L. Clinical outcomes were in-hospital death and long-term all-cause mortality. ResultsThe in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality rates were 10.7% and 16.3%, respectively. A U-shaped relationship was observed between admission serum potassium levels and both in-hospital death and long-term mortality. Univariate Cox regression identified potassium levels outside the interval of <3.5 to 4.5mmol/L to be a risk factor for both in-hospital and long-term death. After adjusting for age, gender, surgery and other risk factors, potassium levels outside the interval of <3.5 to 4.5mmol/L still had a significant association with long-term death [hazard ratio (HR)=1.72, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.07–2.74, P=0.024]. Surgical intervention was the main protective factor associated with both in-hospital (HR=0.01, 95% CI 0.01–0.06, P<0.001) and long-term survival (HR=0.06, 95% CI 0.03–0.12, P<0.001). ConclusionsAmong patients with Stanford type A AAD, admission serum potassium levels other than 3.5 to 4.5mmol/L might be associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and long-term mortality.