Abstract

One of the most relevant geometrical factors defining an adhesive joint is the thickness of the adhesive layer. The influence of the adhesive layer thickness on the joint strength has not been precisely understood so far. This article presents simplified analytical formulas for adhesive joint strength and adhesive joint coefficient for different joint loading, assuming, inter alia: linear-elastic strain of adhesive layer, elastic strain of adherends and only one kind of stress in adhesive. On the basis of the presented adhesive joint coefficient, the butt joint was selected for the tests of the influence of adhesive thickness on the adhesive failure stress. The tests showed clearly that with an increase in the thickness of the tested adhesive layers (up to about 0.17 mm), the value of their failure stress decreased quasi linearly. Furthermore, some adhesive joints (inter alia subjected to shearing) may display the optimum value of the thickness of the adhesive layer in terms of the strength of the joint. Thus, the aim of this work was to explain the phenomenon of optimal adhesive layer thickness in some types of adhesive joints. The verifying test was conducted with use of single simple lap joints. Finally, with the use of the FE method, the authors were able to obtain stresses in the adhesive layers of lap joints for loads that destroyed that joints in the experiment, and the FEM-calculated failure stresses for lap joints were compared with the adhesive failure stresses determined experimentally using the butt specimens. Numerical calculations were conducted with the use of the continuum mechanics approach (stress-based), and the non-linear behavior of the adhesive and plastic strain of the adherends was taken into account.

Highlights

  • As early as sixty years ago, Alner [4] and Winter [5] indicated that the dependence of adhesive joint strength on adhesive thickness was different from the results shown by analytical formulas

  • For adhesive bonds loaded according to manner 6, the strength as a function of adhesive thickness is described by the following formula: s

  • The value of adhesive failure stress is dependent upon the adhesive thickness

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Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Arends et al [11] took up the attempt to determine optimum adhesive thickness for structural adhesive joints They performed experimental tests and carried out analyses concerning the influence of adhesive thickness on the tensile lap-shear strength of single overlap joints. The assumption of a perfect bond means that the finite element analysis takes no account of the adhesion properties of the interface This type of modeling approach makes it possible to take into account the influence of the thickness of the adhesive layer on adhesively bonded joint strength [16]. Elements (CZM) have no thickness and make it possible to determine only normal stresses perpendicular to the bonded surfaces and shear stresses (normal stresses occurring in the adhesive plane are ignored) For this reason, they have been found to be unsuitable for the numerical analysis of the influence of the adhesive layer thickness on static strength. FE method calculations were carried out within the range of plastic deformations of both adhesive and adherend in order to verify the adhesive failure stress dependence on adhesive thickness

Analytical Calculations of the Strength of Adhesive Joint
Experimental Tests
Numerical Calculations
Findings
Conclusions

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