The effect of acute consumption of resistant starch on appetite in healthy adults; a systematic review and meta-analysis of the controlled clinical trials.

Abstract

Although several clinical trials have assessed the effect of Resistant Starch (RS) supplementation on appetite, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of RS on the healthy adults' rating of appetite. To this end, Pubmed, CENTRAL, Web of science, Scopus, Medline, and Proquest were systematically searched to find the relevant randomized, and placebo-controlled human trials up to June 2019. As a result, the area under curve (AUC) and standard deviations of the participants' rating appetite were extracted from four eligible studies. Meta-analysis showed a lower appetite in RS group compared to the controls (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-1.375mmmin, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:-1.673,-1.076). Since high heterogeneity was observed among the included studies (I2=94.5%, P<0.001), subgroup analysis was carried out by RS dose, RS type, duration of supplementation, and time of AUC measuring. In studies that used RS dose of ≥25 gr, heterogeneity disappeared (P=0.560, I2=0%). In such studies, a significant reduction was observed in rating of appetite (WMD=-4.513mmmin, 95%CI:-5.270,-3.755; P<0.001) than studies with RS dose of <25 gr (WMD=-0.799mmmin, 95%CI:-1.123,-0.474; P<0.001). Additionally, subgroup analysis based on the type of RS showed a significant decrease of appetite in studies that used RS2 (WMD=-4.808mmmin, 95%CI:-5.834,-3.782; P<0.001) than RS1 (WMD=-0.128mmmin, 95%CI:-0.457, 0.202; P=0.448). To decrease the rate of appetite more effectively, we suggest other researchers to identify RS dose and type.