The effect of activity history and current activity on static and dynamic postural balance in older adults

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of former athleticism and current activity status on static and dynamic postural balance in older adults. Fifty-six subjects participated in four study groups including former athletes, currently active (AA; n = 15; 69.1 ± 4.4 years.; 77.8 ± 9.8 kg), former athletes, currently inactive (AI; n = 12; 66.7 years.; 87.2 ± 15.1 kg), controls currently active (CA; n = 14; 68.6 ± 4.5 years.; 73.9 ± 15 kg), and controls currently inactive (CI; n = 15; 72.8 ± 4.8 years; 81.1 ± 14.8). All subjects were tested for height, weight, flexibility, thigh circumference, and static (sharpened Romberg/unipedal stance), and dynamic (step length and width) balance tests. The sharpened Romberg (eyes open) test showed that AA (60.0 ± 0 s) and CA (59.4 ± 0.5 s) balanced significantly longer than AI (41.5 ± 7.2 s), and CI (41.8 ± 6.1 s) ( p < 0.05). The unipedal (eyes open) test balance scores for AA, CA, AI, and CI were respectively 40.0 ± 4.5, 55.1 ± 3.4, 33.0 ± 7.1, and 27.5 ± 6.1 s, with CA significantly better than CI ( p < 0.05). In dynamic balance AA and CA (746.1 ± 28.0 and 724.6 ± 24.3 mm) showed significantly longer step lengths ( p < 0.05) than CI (643.7 ± 26.5 mm). The eyes closed test results for relative group comparisons were similar. Overall, two-way analysis of variance showed a significant activity main effect for all dependent variables measured ( p < 0.05). The results indicated that current activity status plays a key role on balance performance in older adults. Furthermore, former athletic activity history provides no protection for the age related onset of postural imbalance.