The effect of a strong external field on the electronic dephasing of a solute that is strongly coupled to a solvent

Abstract

A recent theory of strong field spectroscopy (SFS) [R. I. Cukier and M. Morillo, Phys. Rev. B 57, 6972 (1998), M. Morillo and R. I. Cukier, J. Chem. Phys. (110, 7966 (1999)] is generalized to apply to strong solute–solvent coupling. In SFS, a strong external field is used to connect, with the transition dipole, two electronic states of a solute immersed in a medium. In contrast to weak fields, z̄(t), the average population difference of the solute electronic states is changing significantly. For resonant, strong fields, z̄(t) and the average absorbed power, P̄(t), exhibit oscillatory decays in time that reflect the changing z̄(t) and the dissipation arising from the coupling to the medium. When the solute–solvent coupling is relatively weak, the time evolution of the solvent only depends on the initial solute state (autonomous behavior). In this work, appropriate to strong coupling, we derive an equation of motion for the solvent dynamics that depends on the solute’s instantaneous state (nonautonomous behavior). The consequences to z̄(t) and P̄(t) are explored. We find that instead of equalizing the solute populations at long times, now the population is inverted relative to its initial state. We also find that the degree of long-time population inversion can be controlled by turning off the external field before the system has fully relaxed.