The effect of a product with three gluconeogenic precursors during the transition period on blood metabolites and milk yield in Chilean Holstein cattle

Pedro Melendez,Katherine Severino,Maria Paz Marin,Mario Duchens

doi:10.1080/09712119.2017.1369419

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of a product containing calcium propionate 70 g/kg, propylene glycol 95 g/kg and glycerol 330 g/kg on blood β-hydroxy butyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and milk yield in Chilean Holstein cows. Cows were housed in a free-stall with head-locks, milked 3× and fed a total mixed ration. At 21 days before expected parturition 40 cows were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 20) and a treated group (n = 20). Controls received the farm diet. Treated cows received 300 g of the supplement, top dressed on the same diet, during the morning until 15 cows per group accomplished 30 days pp. A blood sample was obtained at calving for non-esterified fatty acids determination and at 7, 14 and 21 days pp for β-hydroxy butyrate determination. Milk yield up to 60 days pp was higher (2 kg/day) in the treated than control group. Non-esterified fatty acids were higher in the control than treated group. The control group at 14 days pp had a lower concentration of β-hydroxy butyrate than the treated group. In conclusion, a product with three gluconeogenic precursors improved milk yield and maintained a moderated energy status during the transition period of Chilean dairy cattle.

Highlights

The transition period of dairy cows is defined as the last 3 weeks of gestation and the first 3 weeks postpartum (Grummer 1995)
Glucose demands in Holstein cows start to increase during the last trimester of gestation due to growth of the conceptus and after calving due to milk yield
When blood glucose concentrations are low, a lack of insulin and increased glucagon secretion favour the transport of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the mitochondria, with a consequent increase in ketone body formation (Herdt 2000)

Summary

Introduction

The transition period of dairy cows is defined as the last 3 weeks of gestation and the first 3 weeks postpartum (Grummer 1995). When blood glucose concentrations are low, a lack of insulin and increased glucagon secretion favour the transport of NEFA into the mitochondria, with a consequent increase in ketone body formation (Herdt 2000). Because of this characteristic lipolysis, NEFA concentrations are typically highest at parturition (0.9–1.2 mEq/L) with a slow decrease after 3 days postpartum (Melendez et al 2002). The supply of 3 carbon gluconeogenic precursors such as propionate, propylene glycol (1, 2 propanediol) and glycerol (1, 2, 3 propanetriol), which are not insulin dependent to enter the liver cells, either separately or in combination may be useful

Objectives

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Results