The Effect of a Myomectomy on Myoma-related Symptoms and Quality of Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Although it is assumed that myomectomy improves uterine myoma-related symptoms such as pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), validated measures are rarely reported. This study aimed to verify the effect of myomectomy on myoma-related symptoms. A retrospective cohort study. A university-affiliated hospital. Our study included 241 patients with a myoma diagnosis and received a myomectomy between 2004 and 2018. Data were collected from the patient medical file and patients responded in 1 questionnaire. Transcervical resection of myoma (TCRM) and laparoscopic or abdominal myomectomy (LAM). One year after TCRM, a significant number of women experienced symptom improvement for pelvic pain (79% [19/24, p=.01]) and HMB (89% [46/52, p <.001]). For other myoma-related symptoms, abdominal pressure (43%, 10/23), sexual complaints (67%, 2/3), infertility (56%, 10/18), and other complaints (83%, 5/6), improvements were not statistically significant. One year after LAM, a significant number of women experienced symptom improvement for pelvic pain (80%, 74/93), HMB (83%, 94/113), abdominal pressure (85%, 79/93), sexual complaints (77%, 36/47), and other complaints (91%, 40/44). One year after myomectomy, 47% (30/64) (TCRM) and 44% of women (78/177) (LAM) described no myoma-related symptoms. Most women (82% [172/217]) were satisfied with the postoperative result after 1 year and 53% (114/217) would have liked to receive the myomectomy earlier in life. Average quality of life (measured on a 10-point Likert scale) increased from 6.3 at baseline to 8.0 at 1 year after TCRM and from 6.2 to 8.0 1 year after LAM, resulting in a difference of 1.7 points (p <.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.3) and 1.9 points (p <.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.3), respectively. One year after myomectomy, most women have benefited from myomectomy, concluded by a significant number of women who experienced myoma-related symptom improvement, positive patient satisfaction, and a significant improvement in reported quality of life. Validation of results after conventional treatment such as myomectomy is essential in counseling patients for surgical treatment in today's evidence based practice. In addition, it is necessary to make an adequate comparison with new treatment options for myomas. To provide this, further research should preferably be conducted prospectively or by randomization.