Abstract
In this study, the lymphocyte activation status (surface expression of CD95, CD28, CD25, and CTLA-4), lymphocyte number, lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte necrosis and/or apoptosis, and lymphocyte release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated in blood samples from 16 futsal athletes before and immediately following a competitive match. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood samples, and the cellular parameters were assessed by flow cytometry. The futsal match induced lymphocytosis and lymphocyte apoptosis, as indicated by phosphatidylserine externalization, CD95 expression, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, the competitive match induced the necrotic death of lymphocytes. No differences in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells or in the T-helper/suppressor profile between before and immediately after the match were observed. Additionally, after the futsal match, the CD95 and CD28 expression levels were decreased, and the lymphocytes spontaneously released higher levels of ROS. Regardless of the origin, the situation-specific knowledge of lymphocyte behavior obtained herein may facilitate the design of strategies to control the processes that result in infection and tissue injury and that subsequently decrease athletic performance.
Highlights
Futsal is a version of soccer that is generally played indoors on a pitch with a hard surface that is smaller than a soccer field
The study was continued by measuring the proportion of cells with signs of necrosis and/or apoptosis
Our results demonstrated that the lymphocytes that were collected immediately after the futsal match spontaneously released higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (3.6fold increase; p < 0.05; Figure 5)
Summary
Futsal is a version of soccer that is generally played indoors on a pitch with a hard surface that is smaller than a soccer field. Lymphocytes are activated by the innate immune system, leading to the adaptive immune response During these processes, naive T lymphocytes differentiate into specific effector cell subsets, resulting in a response to infection, inflammation, and physical exercise (Nielsen, 2003). Lymphocyte numbers return to normal levels within approximately 15 min and fall below normal levels within 1 or 2 h of intense exercise (Turner et al, 2010) This latter process reflects the extravasation of cells and is likely part of immune surveillance. T helper cells (CD3+/CD4+) produce cytokines that impact on immune response, whereas cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+) produce chemicals that induce the death of infected cells After these cells are recruited, a regulatory process is required to avoid excessive or uncontrolled immune activation (Burger and Dayer, 2002)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
