Abstract
What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of 4weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and 2weeks of detraining on vascular function and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in male adolescents? What is the main finding and its importance? Four weeks of HIIT improved macrovascular function in adolescents. However, this training period did not measurably change microvascular function, body composition or blood biomarkers. Following 2weeks of detraining, the improvement in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was lost. This highlights the importance of the continuation of regular exercise for the primary prevention of CVD. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) represents an effective method to improve cardiometabolic health in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4weeks of HIIT followed by 2weeks of detraining on vascular function and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescent boys. Nineteen male adolescents (13.3±0.5years) were randomly allocated to either a training (TRAIN, n=10) or control (CON, n=9) group. Participants in TRAIN completed 4weeks of HIIT running with three sessions per week. Macro- (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) and microvascular (peak reactive hyperaemia, PRH) function, body composition (fat mass, fat free mass, body fat percentage) and blood biomarkers (glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol) were assessed pre-, 48h post- and 2weeks post-training for TRAIN and at equivalent time points for CON. Following training, FMD was significantly greater in TRAIN compared to CON (9.88±2.40% and 8.64±2.70%, respectively; P=0.036) but this difference was lost 2weeks after training cessation (8.22±2.47% and 8.61±1.99%, respectively; P=0.062). No differences were detected between groups for PRH (P=0.821), body composition (all P>0.14) or blood biomarkers (all P>0.18). In conclusion, 4weeks of HIIT improved macrovascular function; however, this training period did not measurably change microvascular function, body composition or blood biomarkers. The reversal of the FMD improvement 2weeks post-training highlights the importance of the continuation of regular exercise for the primary prevention of CVD.
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