Abstract
The electroencephalographic research has focused on the variety of responses to emotional auditory stimulation in patients at different stages after craniocerebral trauma. The patients sampling consisted of three groups: 13 comatose patients, 14 severe TBI patients, 12 moderate TBI patients, the control group consisting of the 28 healthy adults. The subjects were stimulated with auditory stimuli containing significant sounds (coughing, laughing, crying, bird singing, barking, scraping) and control sounds (white noise). We have analyzed statistically significant differences of power of the rhythmic activity registered during the presentation of different types of stimuli using Matlab. The t-test differences for each type of stimuli and the background were calculated as well as major ANOVA-effects. The results showed that EEG-response was based on the emotional stimuli valence, the consciousness levels, the severity of injury and the recovery process. The TBI patients showed lower theta-rhythm power in the frontal areas in response to the all emotional stimuli. The alpha-activity was reduced in the TBI patients: the alpha-rhythm depression was most vividly pronounced in the control group. The alpha-rhythm acceleration in the occipital areas was found only in the moderate TBI patients and only to the emotional stimuli. The severe TBI and comatose patients showed lower response rates to the neutral stimuli and higher response rates to the unpleasant physiological stimuli.
Highlights
This study investigates the brain activity indicators and recovery predictors in unconscious patients with severe or moderate TBI
There are some data which showed that occipital alpha-rhythm correlated with good prognosis in TBI patients, but irregular alpha-rhythm was found in patients with bad dynamic of TBI recovery
The lower theta-rhythm power in the frontal was most pronounced in the right hemisphere (F(3, 67) = 3.7541, p = 0.01614) and was found only in severe TBI and comatose patients (F(3, 67) = 8.0898, p = 0.00016)
Summary
This study investigates the brain activity indicators and recovery predictors in unconscious patients with severe or moderate TBI. These patients have different recovery forecasts in spite of similar numerical behavioral rating scale scores in acute state. There are broad clinical data classifying unconsciousness states [2] and very few clinical and electrophysiological data trying to classify recovery states [3] These clinical data showed to have some electrophysiological correlations but couldn’t be classified according to the existing behavioral rating scales. Traditional electroencephalographic (EEG) measures have shown their efficacy in clinical analysis and predicted outcome after traumatic brain damage [4]-[6]. The prognosis should be based on the combination of changes in EEG spectrum [14]
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