The Ecosystem Service Value Calculation and Distribution of Ecological Compensation Based on Land Utilization—Take Hainan Rainforest National Park as an Example

Abstract

With the system of “Ecological Conservation Red Line” appearing, the ecosystem of national parks is gradually of great significance, but it is also necessary to concern about restoring ecosystem and ecological compensation. This study use the equivalent factor method to access the ecosystem services value and through natural breaks method in ArcGIS to spatially divide ecosystem service value and types of land use, and finally, calculate ecological distribution costs in different areas considering the demand intensity coefficient of ecological compensation. This paper aims to evaluate the ecosystem service of Hainan Rainforest National Park and further promote land utilization and the spatial distribution of ecological compensation to be more reasonable.The results are as follows:(1) The proportion of forest kept above 97%, and the total proportion of other land use types was less than 3%, showing obvious spatial and temporal differences. (2) From 2001 to 2019, the ecosystem service value showed an upward trend from 2001 to 2011 and a downward trend from 2012 to 2019, which was due to the gradual transformation of land use type to cropland, the decrease of support services and the increase of supply services. (3) The water has the highest priority of ecological compensation, indicating that the economic development level of the water is relatively backward, and more ecological compensation should be given. (4) In 2019, the total theoretical ecological compensation quota of Hainan Rainforest National Park was 1.435 billion yuan, of which the ecological compensation quota of water and forest was the highest.