Abstract
Currently, 1,150 scientists are carrying out wheat improvement research in developing countries with an annual budget of around $100 million. Because of the recent reduction in agricultural research budgets, this study marshalls evidence from 71 wheat research programs in 35 developing countries to address the following puzzle: what is the optimal size, type and location of wheat research programs in the developing world? The analysis reveals that if research spillins are taken into consideration, almost half of the wheat improvement programs in developing countries are inefficient. The efficiency of wheat research in many National Agricultural Research Systems can be increased by reducing the size of research programs, consolidating state and federal research programs, and shifting from wheat-breeding research to capturing spillins from other countries and from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT).
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