The Economic and Social Impact of Domestic Migration on China's First-tier Cities: A Case Study of Beijing

Abstract

As China's political, economic, and cultural epicenter, Beijing has naturally evolved into the primary destination for a considerable influx of people. This migration trend primarily includes the substantial growth of the economic floating population, which has had a profound and multifaceted impact on Beijing's economy and society. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the effects brought about by the expanding floating population, taking into account both micro and macro perspectives. At the macro level, the rapid growth of the floating population has posed various challenges and opportunities for Beijing's economy. On the one hand, this influx of labor force has fueled the city's economic growth, particularly in industries like construction and services. On the other hand, it has placed significant strains on public services, housing, and transportation infrastructure, requiring extensive adjustments and investments from the government. From a micro perspective, this paper delves into the daily lives of the floating population. It explores how their migration experience shapes their employment patterns, social integration, and access to healthcare and education. By analyzing these individual-level dynamics, we gain insight into the broader implications for urban planning, social services, and policies aimed at promoting inclusive growth in Beijing. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted influence of the floating population's growth on Beijing. Through this analysis, we can better appreciate the complex interplay between economic development, social integration, and urban planning in one of China's most dynamic and cosmopolitan cities.