Abstract
<p>Daleki Wschód, w tym Mongolia Wewnętrzna i Mandżuria, przez ponad półtora wieku był miejscem niekończącej się tułaczki i długoletniej zsyłki Polaków, których rosyjska tyrania wygnała na nieznane odludzia. Jednocześnie wielu z nich przyczyniło się do rozwoju gospodarczego tej części Azji. W miarę upływu czasu znacząca ilość Polaków – częściowo zesłańców politycznych, a częściowo dobrowolnych emigrantów obdarzonych duchem przedsiębiorczości – dorobiła się fortuny i zarazem przyczyniła się do budowy dużych manufaktur, zarówno na terenie słabo zaludnionych stepów Mongolii Wewnętrznej, jak i rozległych lasów północno-wschodnich Chin. Przykładem tego mogą być losy przedsiębiorcy Władysława Kowalskiego (1870-1940) i inżyniera Kazimierza Grochowskiego (1873-1937), którzy byli wybitnymi przedstawicielami polskiej diaspory w Mandżurii i Mongolii Wewnętrznej.</p>
Highlights
For a century and a half the Far East, including Inner Mongolia and Manchuria was the scene of endless wanderings and long sojourns of political exiles from Poland, whom Russian tyranny drove into that wilderness, and many of whom made significant contri
The presence of Polish community in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia cannot be separated from the Russian-built Chinese Eastern Railway that linked Siberia with North China and drew people from the far reaches of the Tsarist Russia in their tens of thousands to the largely wild and uncharted region in the borderland between Russia, Inner Mongolia and Manchuria
For a century and a half the Far East, including Mongolia and Manchuria, was the scene of endless wanderings and long sojourns of political exiles from Poland, whom Russian tyranny drove into the wilderness, and many of whom made significant contributions to the economic development of that segment of the Asian continent1
Summary
For a century and a half the Far East, including Inner Mongolia and Manchuria was the scene of endless wanderings and long sojourns of political exiles from Poland, whom Russian tyranny drove into that wilderness, and many of whom made significant contri-. The Economic Achievements of Polish Diaspora in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia, 1898–1936* The worst moment for the Western entrepreneurs, including Polish businessmen, occurred when the Japanese deprived them of timber and mining concessions in the areas of Northern Manchuria and Inner Mongolia25.
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