Abstract
The Andes dominate Peru. They traverse its length and are responsible for the principal types of vegetation, their distribution patterns, and for the richness and the diversity of the flora as well. The Altiplano is the high central land from 10,000 to 14,000 feet elevation. It may be rather flat although usually it is broadly rolling; where it is penetrated by valleys there is considerable relief. It is bordered, except in the north, by a broken chain of high mountains many of which rise to 18,000 feet or more and support permanent snow fields and glaciers. These highlands are relatively cool and dry and the vegetation consists of grasslands, sedgelands, semi-desert shrubs, and cacti. Locally small woods, especially of Polylepis, may be found. Above the limit of agriculture, at about 13,000 feet up to the limit of vascular plant life at about 17,000 feet, is the Puna where the cold prevails and low cushion plants are the principal botanical feature.
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