Abstract
<p>The modern world is facing pervasive environmental problems and pollution crisis, while in the previous eras, meeting one's need through environment would inflict less harm on one's surroundings. In traditional artifacts, compatibility with the natural environment does exist and in many aspects has been suited with the climate and environmental features of every locality. The main purpose of the study is to identify and introduce the environmental features of pottery of Guilan, Iran. This is achieved by investigating the interaction between the local potters and their environment. The primary data are collected through library resources, field observation and visiting active potteries in Guilan. In this regard, the main research questions of the present study are as follows: What are the features of Guilan local pottery? What features are compatible with environmental standards? To conduct the study, a descriptive-analytical method is employed. The findings show that pottery in Guilan is not a threat to the environment in terms of local knowledge in using raw material, finding resources of renewable energy, community-based manpower, optimum exploitation of time and energy, potteryware designing with various functions, and re-using a product for further purposes. Nonetheless, there exist some issues which are not environmentally friendly like failure to modernize the potteryware to be of use for current needs, high rate of waste over the production process, and using toxic materials in glazing. Therefore, raising environmental awareness of locals, cultural diffusion, informing the users of the benefits of using pottery, and making improvements to the cycle of design, producing, and marketing all play substantial role in preserving local pottery.</p>
Highlights
From a historical perspective, the process of making handicrafts can be seen as having well-thought-out logic and structure behind
In societies that are in a period of progressing from a traditional society to a modern one as in Iran, handicraft products are essentially much different from what was produced in the past
Replacing industrial products with native handicrafts might lead to destruction of creating and using handicrafts and threatening human lives and their natural surroundings
Summary
The process of making handicrafts can be seen as having well-thought-out logic and structure behind. The quality, originality, and distinctiveness would feature a handicraft a museum piece and create the sense of its belonging to our own cultural heritage. Today such products are of low quality, have not kept pace with the present world developments, and are being gradually replaced with industrial products. Replacing industrial products with native handicrafts might lead to destruction of creating and using handicrafts and threatening human lives and their natural surroundings. This study introduces the environmental features of pottery in Guilan, and carries out a case study on that, as the research is an attempt to preserve the natural environment and improve the manner of consumption. The process of pottery making in Guilan in terms of ecology will be described and environmental features of Guilan pottery will be explained by analyzing the three factors of the production process, product use and recycling
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