The earliest domestic cat on the Silk Road

A F Haruda,R Thomas,A R Ventresca Miller,H Härke,T King,J L A Paijmans,Y Hesse,M Preick,A Tazhekeyev,A Barlow,S Bilalov,I Arzhantseva

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67798-6

Abstract

We present the earliest evidence for domestic cat (Felis catus L., 1758) from Kazakhstan, found as a well preserved skeleton with extensive osteological pathologies dating to 775–940 cal CE from the early medieval city of Dzhankent, Kazakhstan. This urban settlement was located on the intersection of the northern Silk Road route which linked the cities of Khorezm in the south to the trading settlements in the Volga region to the north and was known in the tenth century CE as the capital of the nomad Oghuz. The presence of this domestic cat, presented here as an osteobiography using a combination of zooarchaeological, genetic, and isotopic data, provides proxy evidence for a fundamental shift in the nature of human-animal relationships within a previously pastoral region. This illustrates the broader social, cultural, and economic changes occurring within the context of rapid urbanisation during the early medieval period along the Silk Road.

Highlights

We present the earliest evidence for domestic cat (Felis catus L., 1758) from Kazakhstan, found as a well preserved skeleton with extensive osteological pathologies dating to 775–940 cal CE from the early medieval city of Dzhankent, Kazakhstan
Finds of individual, articulated animals in archaeological contexts, those exhibiting osteopathologies, are ideal for a social zooarchaeological approach which encourages the investigation of human animal interaction as a facet of social and cultural structures beyond productive c apacity[6]
Along the southern border of the Central Asian steppe, in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, single bones from felines of uncertain domesticated status have been found in Bronze Age urban contexts, such as at the sites of Kavat 3 and Ulug Depe, as well as in Iron Age contexts from Geoktchick Depe and Kyzyltepe (Fig. 1)[16, 17]

Summary

Introduction

We present the earliest evidence for domestic cat (Felis catus L., 1758) from Kazakhstan, found as a well preserved skeleton with extensive osteological pathologies dating to 775–940 cal CE from the early medieval city of Dzhankent, Kazakhstan This urban settlement was located on the intersection of the northern Silk Road route which linked the cities of Khorezm in the south to the trading settlements in the Volga region to the north and was known in the tenth century CE as the capital of the nomad Oghuz. The presence of this domestic cat, presented here as an osteobiography using a combination of zooarchaeological, genetic, and isotopic data, provides proxy evidence for a fundamental shift in the nature of human-animal relationships within a previously pastoral region This illustrates the broader social, cultural, and economic changes occurring within the context of rapid urbanisation during the early medieval period along the Silk Road.

Methods

Findings

Conclusion