Abstract
The duration of the growing season is an important, adaptively significant indicator for any crop variety. In wheat breeding, a reliable criterion for determining the maturity group of a variety is the ear formation period. The purpose of the study was to determine the ear formation period of soft winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, and also to determine its effect on yield. Among the studied varieties of wheat from the world collection, German varieties were characterized by late ripeness, wheat from China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia by early ripeness and mid-ripeness, - varieties from the Siberian region of the country by mid-ripeness. Ukrainian cultivars were represented by wheat of different maturity groups. It has been found in the studies that under varying environmental conditions in different years early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late wheat can be highly productive. A well selected system of ripening varieties of soft winter wheat (65–70 % mid-ripening, 25 % mid-early and early-ripening, 5–10 % mid-late) will make it possible to use favorable environmental factors with great efficiency and withstand environmental stresses.
Highlights
The duration of the growing season is an important characteristic of any crop variety
It is customary to make a judgement about the maturity group of a variety or breeding sample by the ear formation time
The inter stage period of sprouting – ear development in comparison with the period of sprouting – ripening is less variable, which allows the ear development phase to be considered a reliable criterion for determining the ripeness group of wheat varieties [1]
Summary
The duration of the growing season is an important characteristic of any crop variety. It is customary to make a judgement about the maturity group of a variety or breeding sample by the ear formation time. A positive close correlation between the time of the ear formation onset of soft winter wheat and the time of its ripening was revealed in our experiments – r = 0.70+0.26. The issue of an association between productivity and the duration of the growing season in wheat is controversial. A general biological pattern is known: with an increase in the growing season, the duration of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants increases and, as a result, the yield of cultivated varieties increases. According to some researchers, the physiological incompatibility of early maturity and high yields is not absolute, and this negative correlation can be overcome by selection [4, 5]
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